Blog

Insights & regulations — Page 4

Practical guides on OT cybersecurity, compliance and regulations for the industrial sector.

Automated food & beverage production line with conveyor belts and control systems

Cybersecurity

OT cybersecurity in food & beverage: traceability, digital HACCP and production lines under attack

Italian food & beverage has a wide, poorly protected OT attack surface: dosing lines, digital HACCP systems, connected cold rooms for traceability. An OT attack here can compromise food safety and brand reputation.

5 min read

Waterworks SCADA control room with monitoring screens and geographic maps

Cybersecurity

OT Cybersecurity for Local Utilities: Waterworks, Power Grids and Waste Plants with Zero Internal Resources

Local utilities (water operators, power distributors, waste treatment plants) are NIS2-regulated entities with security resources close to zero. SCADA systems 15 to 20 years old connected to the internet, run by a single technician: how to set up OT security from this starting point.

6 min read

Automated warehouse with AS/RS systems, vertical racking and AGVs on the floor

Cybersecurity

OT cybersecurity in logistics and automated warehouses: heterogeneous systems and high turnover

Modern automated warehouses run complex OT networks: a WMS wired to the automation, heterogeneous PLCs from many vendors, AGVs and mixed protocols. High turnover and frequent vendor work break segmentation, and downtime hits the supply chain instantly.

6 min read

Incident response team handling an incident in an industrial OT environment

Cybersecurity

Incident response in OT environments: the critical differences from IT

IT incident response playbooks do not work in OT. Isolating a compromised system can halt production; powering off a device can cause physical damage. How to build OT IR that actually works.

4 min read

Legacy industrial control panel with dated HMI and PLC in an Italian manufacturing plant

Cybersecurity

OT Systems That Cannot Be Updated: Compensating Controls and Risk Reduction

PLCs with 2008 firmware, HMIs running embedded Windows XP, systems that cannot be touched by contract: the reality of Italian plants. How to manage risk when patching is not an option.

5 min read

Multi-tenant console of an MSSP monitoring the OT networks of several industrial clients from a centralized SOC

Cybersecurity

OT Monitoring for MSSP Providers: What It Really Takes to Manage Multiple Industrial Clients

An MSSP offering OT monitoring needs more than a single-plant product: real multi-tenancy, clean SOC integration and alert handling at scale are what matter.

4 min read

Map between IEC 62443 requirements and the capabilities of an OT monitoring platform across a segmented industrial network

Compliance

Which OT Monitoring Tools Help with IEC 62443 Compliance

IEC 62443 does not mandate a product, but many of its requirements can only be met with serious OT monitoring: asset inventory, anomaly detection, logging and verified segmentation. Which requirements map to which monitoring capabilities.

4 min read

OT network segmentation with zones, conduits and an IT-OT DMZ

Cybersecurity

OT Network Segmentation: from the Purdue Model to IEC 62443 Zones in Production

Network segmentation is the OT security control with the best cost/effectiveness ratio. From the Purdue model to IEC 62443 zones, how to implement it in production without stopping the plant.

4 min read

Reconstructing an industrial OT network topology from passive traffic monitoring with a PLC SCADA HMI dependency map

Cybersecurity

OT Network Topology: How to Reconstruct It When No Documentation Exists

OT network topology often lives only in a technician's head, or in a 2014 diagram that was never updated. Rebuilding it from scratch with passive traffic monitoring: why it is necessary and how it is done in practice.

6 min read

Four-level chart representing OT security maturity, from blind to operational, with icons for assets, vulnerabilities and detection

Cybersecurity

OT Security Maturity Model: From Zero Visibility to Advanced Detection

A practical four-level framework to assess OT security maturity and build a concrete roadmap. Each level has clear prerequisites, measurable goals and a defined next step.

6 min read

Integration diagram between OT monitoring sensors and a SIEM platform with a SOC, showing normalized data flows and correlation of IT and OT events

Cybersecurity

Integrating OT Monitoring with Existing SIEM and SOC: Data, Formats and Added Value

Many companies already run a SIEM or a managed SOC, but these systems are blind to OT. How to feed OT monitoring events into the SOC, which formats to use and which alerts to escalate.

6 min read

SOC with OT network monitoring sensors and industrial analysis dashboard

Cybersecurity

Building a SOC for OT Environments: Requirements, Tools, and Operational Metrics

An IT SOC cannot see OT environments. Building monitoring capabilities for industrial networks requires different sensors, different skills, and playbooks specific to OT protocols and threats.

4 min read